Cytotoxic Analysis of Various Root Canal Irrigants at Cellular Level.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of commercially available root canal irrigants sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and a herbal extract, Morinda tinctoria. Study Design: Concerned to the biological perspective, root canal irrigants must aid in the complete disinfection of the root canal and be biocompatible when come in contact with the vital periapical tissues. Hence the study was done to analyse the cytoxicity of different root canal irrigants at cellular level. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive dentistry, GITAM dental college and hospital in collaboration with Chaitanya Medical centre, Visakhapatnam and Department of Oral Pathology, GITAM Dental college. Methodology: Forty nine samples with 2 ml of RBC suspension were randomly assigned to seven groups. 100 μl each of 3% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 60 mg/ml concentration of Morinda tinctoria and their 1:1dilutions were tested on RBC suspension. Normal saline is selected as control. Peripheral smear was made to assess the morphological abnormalities of viable cells. After centrifugation of each test tube, the supernated volume is estimated for haemoglobin concentration representing cytotoxicity. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Cytotoxicity varies in the following order: 2% Chlorhexidine> 1:1dil CHX > 3% NaOCl > 1:1 dil. 3% NaOCl= 60 mg/ml M. tinctoria > 1:1 dil of 60 mg/ml M. tinctoria. Results showed that statistically significant difference exists between cytotoxicity of tested irrigating solutions. Conclusion: Considering the undesirable effects of the conventional root canal irrigants and the global scenario with changing trends in search of non-toxic plant extracts, Morinda tinctoria could be an alternative root canal irrigant with least toxicity.

Effect Of Inbreeding On Mortality And Other Traits In Socio-Economically Divergent Castes Of Andhra Pradesh.

Effects of inbreeding have been studied on diverse traits namely mortality, selection intensity and anthropometric traits in socio-economically divergent castes with different inbreeding levels taking into consideration the extent of marital migration and assortative marriage by profession in these populations. Mala, Madiga of the scheduled castes and Reddy, Vvsya and Maheshwari of the forward castes constituted the sample populations. Analysis of inbreeding effects revealed low mortality load, high selection intensity and inbreeding elevation of anthropometric traits in the forward castes. Wide differences in parameters of populations structure such as inbreeding, marital migration, assortative marriage by profession and gene-environment interactions could be causing differences in homozygosities of deleterious/ ill adapted genes in these castes leading to the results observed.

Chronopharmacokinetics of rifampicin.

Chronopharmacokinetics of rifampicin was studied in four healthy adult male human volunteers after drug (2.0 g) ingestion at 6.00, 12.00, 18.00 and 24.00 hr. The absorption rate constant was found to be lower and the time to reach peak concentration was longer after drug administration at 24.00 hr than at other dosing times. A second peak was observed in all individual volunteers between 6-12 hr after drug dosing at 24.00 hr. This may be due to the influence of biliary rhythms on the disposition kinetics of rifampicin.